LibGuides: APA 7th Edition Citation Style Guide : References Page & Missing Elements

How Do I Set Up My References Page?

BASICS

The References page should be a separate page
Center the word References in bold at the top of the page
List the citations for all the sources that you cited within the body of your research paper
Arrange the citations in alphabetical order by author's last name
Use double-spacing for the whole list
Use a hanging indent for each citation (all but the first line of each citation should be indented)

WHAT IF THERE IS MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR?

Alphabetize by the name of the first author listed.

WHAT IF THE CITATION DOESN'T HAVE AN AUTHOR?

Move the title of the article, book, or other source before the date and alphabetize by the first word in the title. Ignore words like A, An, or The.

Social learning. (2002, September 20). The Washington Post, p. A1.

WHAT IF MULTIPLE CITATIONS HAVE THE SAME AUTHOR?

Arrange the entries by year of publication with the earliest first:

Smith, G. (2010)

Smith, G. (2012)

How to Create a Reference When Information Is Missing, Table 9.1, Publication manual of the APA, 7th.

Missing element	Solution	Reference list entry	In-text citation
Nothing—all elements are present	Provide the author, date, title, and source of the work.	Author. (Date). Title. Source.	(Author, year) Author (year)
Author	Provide the title, date, and source.	Title. (Date). Source	(Title, year) Title (year)
Date	Provide the author, write "n.d." for "no date," and then provide the title and source.	Author, (n.d.). Title. Source.	(Author, n.d.) Author (n.d.)
Title	Provide the author and date, describe the work in square brackets, and then provide the source.	Author. (Date). [Description of work]. Source.	(Author, year) Author (year)
Author and date	Provide the title, write “n.d.” for “no date,” and then provide the source.	Title, (n.d.). Source.	(Title, n.d.) Title (n.d.)
Author and title	Describe the work in square brackets, and then provide the date and source.	[Description of work]. (Date). Source.	([Description of work], year) [Description of work] (year)
Date and title	Provide the author, write “n.d.” for “no date,” describe the work in square brackets, and then provide the source.	Author, (n.d.). [Description of work]. Source.	(Author, n.d.) Author (n.d.)
Author, date, and title	Describe the work in square brackets, write “n.d.” for “no date,” and then provide the source.	No reference list entry	([Description of work], n.d.) [Description of work] (n.d.)
Source	Cite as a personal communication (see Section 8.91 or find another work to cite (see Section 9.371.)	No reference list entry	(C. C. Communicator, personal communication, month day, year) C. C. Communicator (personal communication, month day, year)